Posted on

Вход Господень во Иерусалим Архиепископ Аверкий

Вход Господень во Иерусалим Архиепископ Аверкий

(Матф. 21:1-11; Мрк. 11:1-11; Лк. 19:28-44; Иоан. 12:12-19).

Об этом великом событии, которое служит преддверием страданий Христовых, понесенных нас ради человек и нашего ради спасения, рассказывают весьма обстоятельно все четыре Евангелиста, св. Иоанн короче первых трех.

Господь Иисус Христос шел теперь в Иерусалим для того, чтобы исполнилось все написанное о Нем, как Мессии, пророками. Он шел для того, чтобы испить чашу искупительных страданий, дать душу Свою в избавление за многих и потом войти в славу Свою. Поэтому в полную противоположность тому, как держал Себя Господь прежде, Ему было благоугодно этот Свой последний вход в Иерусалим обставить особой торжественностью. Первые три Евангелиста передают нам подробности, которыми сопровождалась подготовка этого торжественного входа. Когда Господь с учениками, окруженный множеством народа, сопровождавшего Его от Вифании и встречавшегося по пути, приблизился к горе Елеонской, Он послал двух учеников в селение, находившееся перед ними с поручением привести ослицу и молодого осла. Гора Елеонская, или Масличная, называлась так по множеству росших в ней масличных деревьев (елея — маслина). Она находится к востоку от Иерусалима и отделяется от него ручьем или потоком Кедроном, который почти совершенно высыхал летом. На западном склоне горы, обращенном к Иерусалиму, находился сад, называвшийся Гефсиманией. На восточном же склоне горы лежали два селения, упоминаемые у свв. Марка и Луки Вифсфагия и Вифания (Матфей говорит только о первой). С горы Елеонской был прекрасный вид на все части Иерусалима.

Из Вифании в Иерусалим было два пути: один огибал гору Елеонскую с юга, а другой шел через самый верх горы: последний был короче, но труднее и утомительнее. В Палестине было мало коней, и они употреблялись почти исключительно для войны. Для домашнего обихода и путешествий употреблялись ослы, мулы и верблюды. Сесть на коня было тогда эмблемой войны, сесть на мула или осла — эмблемой мира. В мирное время и цари и вожди народные ездили на этих животных.

Таким образом, вход Господа Иисуса Христа в Иерусалим на осле был символом мира: Царь мира едет в свою столицу на осле — эмблема мира. Замечательно, что хозяева осла и ослицы, по слову Господа, сразу же отдали своих животных, когда Апостолы сказали, для Кого они их берут. Отмечая удивительность этого обстоятельства, св. Златоуст говорит, что Господь хотел этим дать понять, что “Он мог воспрепятствовать жестоковыйным иудеям, когда они пришли схватить Его, и сделать их безгласными, но не захотел сего.” Евангелисты Матфей и Иоанн указывают, что это было исполнением пророчества Захарии, которое они приводят, но в сокращенном виде и которое полностью читается так: “Ликуй от радости, дочь Сиона, торжествуй, дочь Иерусалима: се Царь твой грядет к тебе, праведный и спасающий, кроткий, сидящий на ослице и молодом осле, сыне подъяремной” (осле, который ходит под ярмом; Зах. 9:9). Это пророчество близко пророчеству Исаии, из которого св. Матфей заимствует первые слова: “Скажите дочери Сиона: грядет Спаситель твой; награда Его с Ним и воздаяние Его — перед Ним” (Ис. 62:11).

Разумея величие этих минут, Апостолы сами стараются украсить это шествие торжественностью: они покрывают ослицу и молодого осла своими одеждами, которые как бы должны были заменить собой златотканые ткани, коими украшались царские кони. “И накинув одежды свои на осленка…” Ехал Господь, как ясно видно из повествования св. Марка, Луки и Иоанна, на осленке, а ослица, по-видимому, шла рядом. “Многие же постилали одежды свои по дороге,” следуя примеру учеников, “другие же,” не имея верхних одежд, по бедности, “резали ветви с дерев и постилали по пути,” чтобы сделать путь мягким и удобным для осленка и таким образом послужить и воздать честь Сидящему на нем. Далее, совмещая повествования всех Евангелистов, можно представить себе следующую картину: “Когда Он приблизился к спуску с горы Елеонской” (Лук. 19:37), то есть когда они приблизились к перевалу, откуда начинался спуск и открылся дивный вид на Иерусалим, “Все множество учеников начало в радости велегласно славить Бога” за спасение мира, уготованное во Христе, и в частности за все чудеса — “какие видели они.” К этому добавляет св. Иоанн: “Множество народа, пришедшего на праздник, услышав, что Иисус идет в Иерусалим, взяли пальмовые ветви и вышли навстречу Ему” (Иоан. 12:12-13).

Так соединилось два множества народа: одно шло от Вифании со Христом, другое из Иерусалима, навстречу Ему. Вид Иерусалима, представшего с горы во всей своей красе, вызвал восторг всей народной массы, который вылился в радостных и громогласных криках: “Осанна! благословен грядущий во имя Господне, Царь Израилев!” “Осанна” в буквальном переводе с древнееврейского языка значит: “Спаси же,” даруй спасение. Это восклицание употреблялось как выражение радости и благоговения наподобие нынешнего: “Да здравствует.” “Осанна в вышних” — пожелание чтобы и на небе было принесено в дар Царю Израилеву, Сыну Давидову, то же радостное восклицание “Осанна.” “Благословен грядущий во имя Господне” — значит: достоин благословения или прославления Тот, Кто приходит от Иеговы с Его повелениями, с Его властью, как приходят от земного царя посланники и правители с полномочиями заменять его (срав. Иоан. 5:43). Еванг. Марк присоединяет к этому еще восклицание: “Благословенно грядущее царство во имя Господа, отца нашего Давида.”

Царство Давида должен был восстановить Мессия, Которого престол должен был пребывать вечно и власть должна была распространиться на все народы. В этих словах сыны Израилевы и прославляют Христа, грядущего восстановить это царство Давидово. Св. Лука передает еще одно восклицание: “Мир на небесах,” в смысле: с небес снисходят все истинные духовные блага и вечное спасение.

Св. Иоанн объясняет, как причину этой радостной встречи Господа, великое чудо воскрешения Лазаря, только что Им совершенное, а св. Лука — все вообще чудеса Его. В этом событии наша Церковь усматривает особое Божие устроение и внушение Духа Святого, как говорит об этом Синаксарь на Неделю Ваий: “Сие же быша языки подвигшу, Всесвятому Духу.” С этой точки зрения понятен ответ Господа, данный Им на лукавый и злобный совет фарисеев: “Учитель, запрети ученикам Твоим (ибо Ты, как и мы, понимаешь, насколько все это неприлично и опасно для Тебя).” — “Если они умолкнут, то камни возопиют” (Лук. 19:39-40); т.е. это славословие Христу Мессии устрояется в сердцах и устах народа Самим Богом, и если бы люди воспротивились этому Божиему повелению, тогда бездушные камни заменили бы людей в прославлении Господа. В этих словах Церковь видит также иносказательное указание на язычников, имевших прежде как бы каменные сердца, но потом заменивших собой Израиля, отвергшего Христа. Тот же смысл имеет и приводимый ап. Матфеем ответ Господа фарисеям, негодовавшим по злобе и зависти на то, что дети в храме восклицали: “Осанна Сыну Давидову!” — “Разве вы никогда не читали: Из уст младенцев и грудных детей Ты устроил хвалу”; то есть Бог Сам устроил Себе хвалу в устах младенцев и грудных детей (Пс. 8:3; Матф. 21:15-16).

Смотря на город, как повествует св. Лука (19:41-44), Господь “заплакал о нем,” по причине его скорой погибели. Замечательно, что в 70 году Римляне, начиная осаду Иерусалима, устроили свой лагерь как раз на том месте Елеонской горы, где находился в то время Христос Спаситель, и самая осада началась тоже незадолго до Пасхи. “О, если бы ты хоть в сей день твой день узнал, что служит к миру твоему! Но это сокрыто ныне от глаз твоих.” — Если бы ты, народ иудейских, хотя бы сейчас уразумел, что служит к твоему спасению; но ты упорно закрываешь глаза, чтобы не видеть. Отвергая Меня, ты ускоряещь свою гибель. “… Не уразумел времени посещения твоего,” то есть того благоприятного времени, когда Бог явил тебе особую милость и призывал тебя ко спасению через посланного к тебе Мессию.

Св. Матфей свидетельствует, что “когда Он вошел в Иерусалим, весь город пришел в движение” — столь велико было впечатление от этой торжественной встречи.

Posted on

Palm Sunday – Metropolitan Anthony of Sourozh

Palm Sunday – Entrance of our Lord into Jerusalem

In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.

Today, in the day of Palms we stand in awe and amazement before what is happening in a way in which the Jews of Jerusalem could not meet Christ because they met Him imagining that He was the glorious king who would now take over all power, conquer and reject the heathen, – the Romans who were occupying their country, that He would re-establish a kingdom, an earthly kingdom of Israel. We know that He had not come for that, He had come to establish a Kingdom that will have no end, a Kingdom of eternity, and the Kingdom that was not open only to one nation but was open to all nations, and the Kingdom that was to be founded on the life and on the death of Jesus Christ, the Son of God become the Son of man.

And Holy Week is from one end to another a time of tragic confusion. The Jews meet Christ at the gates of Jerusalem because they expect of Him a triumphant military leader, and He comes to serve, to wash the feet of His disciples, to give His life for the people but not to conquer by force, by power. And the same people who meet Him shouting, “Hosanna to the Son of David!” in a few days will shout, “Crucify Him, crucify Him!” because He has betrayed their expectations. They expected an earthly victory and what they see is a defeated king. They hate Him for the disappointment of all their hopes.

And this is not so alien to us in our days. How many are those people who have turn away in hatred from Christ because He has disappointed one hope or another. I remember a woman who had been a believer for all her life and whose grandson died, a little boy, and she said to me, “I don’t believe in God anymore. How could He take my grandson?” And I said to her, “But you believed in God while thousands and thousands and millions of people died.” And she looked at me and said, “Yes, but what did that do to me? I didn’t care, they were not my children.” This is something that happens to us in a small degree so often that we waver in our faith and in our faithfulness to God when something which we expect Him to do for us is not done, when He is not an obedient servant, when we proclaim our will, He does not say, “Amen,” and does not do it. So we are not so alien from those who met Christ at the gates of Jerusalem and then turned away from Him.

But we are entering now in Holy Week. How can we face the events? I think we must enter into Holy Week not as observers, not reading the passages of the Gospel which are relevant, we must enter into Holy Week as though we were participants of the events, indeed read of them but then mix in the crowd that surrounds Christ and ask ourselves, Who am I in this crowd? Am I one of those who said, ‘Hosanna to the Son of David!’? And am I now on the fringe of saying, ‘Crucify him’? Am I one of the disciples who were faithful until the moments of ultimate danger came upon them?.. You remember that in the Garden of Gethsemane three disciples had been singled out for Christ to support Him at the hour of His supreme agony, and they did not, they were tired, they were desponded and they fell asleep. Three times He came to them for support, three times they were away from Him.

We do not meet Christ in the same circumstances but we meet so many people who are in agony, not only dying physically, and that also happens to our friends, our relatives, people around us, but are in agony of terror one way or another. Are we there awake, alive, attentive to them, ready to help them out, and if we can’t help, to be with them, to stand by them or do we fall asleep, that is, contract out, turn away, leave them in their agony, their fear, their misery? And again I am not speaking of Judas because no-one of us is aware of betraying Christ in such a way, but don’t we betray Christ when we turn away from all His commandments? When He says, “I give you an example for you to follow,” and we shake our heads and say, “No, I will simply follow the devices of my own heart.” But think of Peter, apparently the strongest, the one who spoke time and again in the name of others. When it came to risking not his life, because no-one was about to kill him, to be rejected simply, he denied Christ three times.

What do we do when we are challenged in the same way, when we are in danger of being mocked and ridiculed and put aside by our friends or our acquaintances who shrug their shoulders and say, “A Christian? And you believe in that? And you believe that Christ was God, and you believe in His Gospel, and you are on His side?” How often? O, we don’t say, “No, we are not,” but do we say, “Yes, it is my glory, and if you want to crucify Him, if you want to reject Him, reject me too because I choose to stand by Him, I am His disciple, even if I am to be rejected, even if you don’t let me into your house anymore.”

And think of the crowd on Calvary. There were people who had been instrumental in His condemnation, they mocked Him, they had won their victory, so they thought at least. And then there were the soldiers, the soldiers who crucified Him. They had crucified innumerable other people, they were doing their job. It didn’t matter to them whom they crucified. And yet Christ prayed for them, “Forgive them, Father, they don’t know what they are doing.” We are not being crucified physically, but do we say, “Forgive, Father, those who offend us, who humiliate us, who reject us, those who kill our joy and darken our life in us.” Do we do that? No, we don’t. So we must recognise ourselves in them also.

And then there was a crowd of people who had poured out of the city to see a man die, the fierce curiosity that pushes so many of us to be curious when suffering, agony comes upon people. You will say, it doesn’t happen? Ask yourself how you watch television and how eagerly, hungrily you look at the horrors that befall Somalia, the Sudan, Bosnia and every other country. Is it with a broken heart? Is it that you can not endure the horror and turn in prayer to God and then give, give, give generously all you can give for hunger and misery to be alleviated? Is it? No, we are the same people who came out on Calvary to see a man die. Curiosity, interest? Yes, alas.

And then there were those who had come with the hope that He will die because if He died on the cross, then they were free from this terrifying, horrible message He had brought that we must love one another to the point of being ready to die for each other. That message of the crucified, sacrificial love could be rejected once and for all if He who preached it died, and it was proved that He was a false prophet, a liar.
And then there were those who had come in the hope that He will come down from the cross, and then they could be believers without any risk, they would have joint the victorious party. Aren’t we like that so often?

And then there is a point to which we hardly should dare turn our eyes – the Mother of the Incarnate Son of God, the Mother of Jesus silent, offering His death for the salvation of mankind, silent and dying with Him hour after hour, and the disciple who knew in a youthful way how to love his master, standing by in horror, seeing his Master die and the Mother in agony. Are we like this when we read the Gospel, are we like this when we see the agony of men around us?

Let us therefore enter in this Holy Week in order not to be observers of what happened then, let us enter into it mixed with the crowd and at every step ask ourselves, who am I in this crowd? Am I the Mother? Am I the disciple? Am I one of the crucifiers? And so forth. And then we will be able to meet the day of the Resurrection together with those to whom it was life and resurrection indeed, when despair had gone, new hope had come, God had conquered. Amen.

Posted on

Palm Sunday – St Andrew of Crete

Palm Sunday – Entrance of our Lord into Jerusalem

Let us go together to meet Christ on the Mount of Olives. Today He returns from Bethany and proceeds of His own free will toward His holy and blessed passion, to consummate the mystery of our salvation. He who came down from heaven to raise us from the depths of sin, to raise us with Himself, we are told in Scripture, above every sovereignty, authority and power, and every other name that can be named, now comes of His own free will to make His journey to Jerusalem. He comes without pomp or ostentation. As the psalmist says: He will not dispute or raise his voice to make it heard in the streets. He will be meek and humble, and He will make His entry in simplicity.

Let us run to accompany Him as He hastens toward His passion, and imitate those who met Him then, not by covering His path with garments, olive branches or palms, but by doing all we can to prostrate ourselves before Him by being humble and by trying to live as He would wish. Then we shall be able to receive the Word at His coming, and God, whom no limits can contain, will be within us.

In His humility Christ entered the dark regions of our fallen world and He is glad that He became so humble for our sake, glad that He came and lived among us and shared in our nature in order to raise us up again to Himself. And even though we are told that He has now ascended above the highest heavens – the proof, surely, of His power and godhead – His love for man will never rest until He has raised our earthbound nature from glory to glory, and made it one with His own in heaven.

So let us spread before His feet, not garments or soulless olive branches, which delight the eye for a few hours and then wither, but ourselves, clothed in His grace, or rather, clothed completely in Him.

We who have been baptized into Christ must ourselves be the garments that we spread before Him. Now that the crimson stains of our sins have been washed away in the saving waters of baptism and we have become white as pure wool, let us present the conqueror of death, not with mere branches of palms but with the real rewards of His victory.

Let our souls take the place of the welcoming branches as we join today in the children’s holy song:

Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Blessed is the king of Israel.

Posted on

Palm Sunday – Entrance of our Lord into Jerusalem

Palm Sunday – Entrance of our Lord into Jerusalem

Readings

Epistle of the Holy Apostle Paul to the Philippians (4:4-9)

Brethren: Rejoice in the Lord always; and again I say, ‘Rejoice!’ Let your moderation be known to all men. The Lord is at hand. Fret not about anything, but in everything, by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known unto God. And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus. Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, if there be any virtue and if there be any praise, think on these things. Those things which ye have both learned and received and heard and seen in me, do; and the God of peace shall be with you.

The Reading from the Holy Gospel according to John (12:1-18)

Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany where Lazarus was, who had been dead and whom He had raised from the dead. There they made Him a supper; and Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with Him. Then Mary took a pound of ointment of spikenard, very costly, and anointed the feet of Jesus and wiped His feet with her hair; and the house was filled with the odour of the ointment. Then one of His disciples, Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son who was to betray Him, said, ‘Why was not this ointment sold for three hundred pence and given to the poor?’ This he said, not that he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and had the money bag and took what was put therein. Then Jesus said, ‘Let her alone; against the day of My burying hath she kept this. For the poor always ye have with you, but Me ye have not always.’ Many people of the Jews therefore knew that He was there. And they came not for Jesus’ sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom He had raised from the dead. But the chief priests consulted, that they might put Lazarus also to death, because by reason of him many of the Jews went away and believed in Jesus. On the next day many people who had come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, took branches of palm trees and went forth to meet Him and cried, ‘Hosanna! Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord!’ And Jesus, when He had found a young ass, sat thereon, as it is written: ‘Fear not, daughter of Sion; behold, thy King cometh, sitting on an ass’s colt.’ These things His disciples understood not at first; but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written of Him, and that they had done these things unto Him. The people therefore who were with Him, when He called Lazarus out of his grave and raised him from the dead, bore record. For this cause the people also met Him, for they heard that He had done this miracle.

Troparia

Troparion of Palm Sunday (Tone 4)
In confirming the common Resurrection, O Christ God, Thou didst raise up Lazarus from the dead before Thy Passion.Wherefore, we also, like the children bearing the symbols of victory, cry to Thee, the Vanquisher of death: Hosanna in the highest; blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord.

Kontakion for Palm Sunday (Tone 6)
Being borne upon a throne in heaven, * and upon a colt on the earth, O Christ God, * Thou didst accept the praise of angels and the laudation of children as they cry to Thee: * Blessed is He that cometh to recall Adam.

Synaxarion for Palm Sunday

After Lazarus had been raised from the dead, many, on beholding this event, came to believe in Christ. And indeed, a resolution was passed by the Jewish synagogue that Christ, and Lazarus himself, should be killed. Jesus, therefore, departed, letting evil run its course, and the Jews meditated how they might kill Him on the Feast of Passover. Some time after His flight, six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was who had been dead, and there, after a supper had been made, Lazarus ate with Him; his sister Mary poured out ointment on Christ’s feet. On the following day, He sent His Disciples to fetch the ass and the foal. He Who has Heaven for His throne entered Jerusalem, riding on the foal of an ass. The children of the Hebrews themselves spread their garments under Him and, cutting down palm branches, threw some of them in the way and carried others in their arms, and they cried out as they escorted Him: “Hosanna to the Son of David; blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel.”

This took place because the All-Holy Spirit moved their tongues to praise and laud Christ. Through the palms (the name given by the Hebrews to the tender branches) they signified Christ’s victory over death. For it was customary for the victors of athletic contests and wars to be honored and borne about with branches of evergreen trees. The foal signified us, the people of the Gentiles, sitting and resting on whom Christ is proclaimed victor, conqueror, and King of all the earth.

About this Feast the Prophet Zacharias said: “Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Sion; for behold, thy King is coming to thee, meek and riding on an ass and the foal of an ass.” And again, about the children, David says: “Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings hast Thou perfected praise.” When Christ entered the city, the whole of Jerusalem quaked and, goaded on by the High Priests to defend it, the crowds sought to do away with Him. He eluded them by hiding, and when He did appear, He spoke to them through parables.

By Thine ineffable compassion, O Christ our God, make us victors over irrational passions, and vouchsafe us to behold Thy clear victory over death, Thy radiant and life-bearing Resurrection, and have mercy on us. Amen.